Thursday, December 19, 2019

The Spread Of Infectious Disease - 1072 Words

Globalization has introduced a dramatic increase in the movement of people, food, and manufactured goods. However, these increases have also lead to the exposure and spread of infectious diseases, negatively impacting the quality of global public health. While theoretically reducing this movement could reduce the spread of infectious diseases, there are many options that can be taken into consideration. Before we can begin to explore solutions to control the spread of infectious disease, we must consider what it is that actually contributes to its spread. The four most important concerns in recent years have been HIVAIDS, Tuberculosis, Cholera, and Malaria. The first two diseases are a cause of global concern due to its widespread exposure. The latter are a resulting problem of underdeveloped and poorer nations, which directly implies that globalization can actually help reduce these infections. Underdeveloped nations suffer from several problems that contribute to the spread of these diseases. Limited access to adequate public health systems are one of many troubling issues. Furthermore, these limitations can only accelerate the breakdown of the health system, Africa demonstrates an example of this vicious cycle. Spread of disease can trigger political instability, infected government officials or military leaders can straing economic resources, instill military coups, and lead to violent regime transitions, all of which can make it much more difficult to dedicateShow MoreRelatedThe Discovery of Vaccines Prevented The Spread of Infectious Diseases1342 Words   |  6 PagesThe discovery of vaccines prevented the spread of infectious diseases around the world. Vaccines control the spread of diseases such as measles, tuberculosis, smallpox, and the flu. In addition, vaccines increase the overall health of not only individuals, but of populations. Although these benefits prove effective on the world wide scale, the requirement of vaccinations of children to enter the public school system remains a current public health concern. Some argue that vaccines are dangerous forRead MoreSpread Of Infectious Disease Using Sir Model2875 Words   |  12 Pages Spread of Infectious Disease Using SIR Model Mitali Marwaha Rough Draft: November 2014 â€Æ' Infectious diseases have been historically devastating for mankind, having major impact population trends and human lifestyle. Outbreaks like smallpox were responsible for approximately 300-500 million deaths during the 20th century, while the Spanish flu eradicated 3%-5% of the world s total population. 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Globalization is one of the main causes of the spread of infectious diseases that can often lead to fatal outcomes and a sense of fear felt throughout an entire nation. Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death among children and adolescents, and are one of the leading causes of death among adults (Infectious disease: a persistent threat). Examples of these infectious diseases that became widespread due to globalization include: the Bubonic Plague, M easlesRead MoreIn The World Right Now There Are Over 7 Billion Human Beings1381 Words   |  6 Pagesother humans mean that they are safe from diseases that can possibly kill them? Living in close proximity with other human beings may have its benefits in terms of communication, trade and comfort. But some features of human societies may lead to an enhanced risk of a super infectious disease spreading and ultimately killing them. There are many aspects in which infectious diseases may spread. Some may be subtle or some may be direct. Many new infectious diseases arise and are become a big problem asRead MorePrevention And Prevention Of Infectious Diseases881 Words   |  4 PagesEliminating Infectious Disease Infectious diseases are viruses, bacteria, or fungi that are transmitted from one another by contact, bodily fluids, or contaminated air, food, or water supply. The diseases make up one-fourth to one-third of worldwide deaths annually and are a major threat to human health. It was believed that vaccines, antibiotics, and public health had effectively eliminated the threat of infectious disease. Because of the belief that infectious diseases were a thing of the pastRead MoreMajor Features Of Modern Society1562 Words   |  7 PagesTopic B: New Diseases There are currently many features of modern society that increase ours risk for the development and spread of new infectious diseases, these include such diseases as lymes Disease, West Nile Virus, Staph. Aures (MRSA) and many other new and remerging infectious diseases. In modern society the main issues that are faced include such things as the density of the population, the increased resistance to current antibiotics and antibacterial agent, changing biodiversity, climate

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

The Law of Contract Mike and Bob

Question: Discuss about the The Law of Contract Mike and Bob. Answer: Issue The issue in first case is to determine whether there is a contract formed between Mike and Bob. The issue in second case is to comment whether Bob and Tom have entered into legal relation or not. The issue in third case is to comment whether there is a lawful consideration present between the parties and if bob is legally responsible to extend the computer to Steve or not. The issue in the fourth case is comment whether there is a contract formed between Mary and Bob on the account of unilateral mistake and to forward a legal advice to Bob regarding his contractual liabilities. Law Individual who directs an offer is termed as offeror and the person who receives it is termed as offeree. In order to bring about validation of the acceptance, the offeree needs to make an unconditional acceptance (Richard, 2003). When the offeree has sent any conditional acceptance against the offer, then it is called as counter offer. The drawback of sending a counter offer is that it terminates the original offers as per the verdict of Hyde v Wrench (1840) 49 ER 132 case. It means, the offeree cannot accept the original offer after extending the counter offer and no contract would be formed based on the revoked offer (Andrews, 2011). The witness of this understanding is Normile v Miller, 326 .S.E. 2nd 11(1985) case. An offer would be enforceable when it was successfully accepted on behalf of offeree. When unconditional acceptance has been sent on behalf of offeree through postal media, then at that moment contract is formed and it becomes enforceable. Further, according to the judgment made in Dickinson v. Dodds(1876) 2 Ch.D. 463 case, if the offeror aims to cancel the offer, then it is essential that he must inform the offeree before the offer gets accepted on the part of offeree (McKendrick, 2003). Further if the offeree has accepted and sent acceptance via post then the acceptance is enforceable at the moment the acceptance letter leaves the offeree and then the offeror cannot cancel the offer and an enforceable contract has been formed between the parties as given in the verdict of Adams v. Lindsell (1818) 106 ER 25 case (Peel, 2008). According to contract law, parties cannot form a contract based on past consideration. It is noteworthy that any previous act, promise or favour would not be held legally valid to use for contract enactment. The above understanding has been highlighted in Re McArdle (1951)case (Carter, 2012). The principle of doctrine of promissory estoppel protects the rights of innocent party who has mainly conducted work while relying on the promise made by the promisor. According to the verdict of Waltons Stores Ltd v Maher (1988) 164 CLR 387 case, when parties do not want to enter into contract but due to any mistake on the part of promiser an acceptance is made for offeree, then also the parties are legally bound to complete the contractual obligations(Andrews, 2011). Application Offeror Mike has extended an offer to buy laptop from Bob. He has stated in the offer that $300 would be the price of laptop including GST.Bob the offeree has made an acceptance that amount $300 would not include GST and communicated the same to Mike. This conditional acceptance would result in counter offer against the initial offer. Therefore, the initial offer also gets revoked and hence, the offer is no more valid for acceptance to offeree. Any acceptance on behalf of Bob with respect to initial offer would not be considered a legal acceptance because the initial offer does not exist. Hence, there is no liability on behalf of Mike to pay the amount or accept the delivery because no contract has been enacted between them. On January 10, Bob made an offer to buy hard drives from Tom and the offer had been accepted on behalf of offeree Tom. In regards to communicate the acceptance, Tom had used postal media and sent the acceptance on January 12. It is apparent that acceptance is unconditional and legal. This means the acceptance resulted in contract formation at the time when Tom has posted the letter. Further, Bob cannot cancel the offer after the enforceability of acceptance. Hence, a valid contract has formed between Bob and Tom and Bob is legally bound to complete the contractual duties. Steve has performed a favour to Bob by taking care of Bobs cat when Bob was out of town. After that, when Bob has returned home, Steve asked him to issue a new computer. Bob agreed to issue computer to him because he had kept the cat on behalf of Bob. However, Bob denies issuing the computer. In this case, for performing the present act, they are referring to a past favour which leads to a past consideration. Therefore, no contract would be formed between them on the account of past consideration. Mary offers a letter to Bob about the van which Bob does not want to buy. However, he has mistakenly signed the letter and same has been faxed to Mike. Both Mary and Bob were not aware about the mistake. Mary has received the letter and on relying on Bobs promise, she has ordered another van and delivered the available van to Bob. In this case, the innocent party Mary has the rights to ask Bob to complete the promise or she can claim for damages under the provisions of doctrine of promissory estoppel. Conclusion 1st case: There would be no contract enacted between Bob and Mike because Bob has extended a counter offer against the original offer which resulted in termination of initial offer. 2nd case: A valid enforceable contract has been formed between Bob and Tom because Tom has sent the legal acceptance to Bob that resulted in contract formation. 3rd case: Past consideration cannot be used to enter into a present contract and thus, no contract would be formed between Steve and Bob. Hence, Bob is not legally binding to extend the computer to Steve. 4th case: Due to the applicability of doctrine of promissory estoppel, Bob has entered into contractual relation with Mary and thus, liable to complete the contractual duties. Referencs Andrews, Neil, (2011). Contract Law (3rded.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Carter, J. (2012). Contract Act in Australia (3rded.). Sydney: LexisNexis Publications. McKendrick, E. (2003). Contract Law (5thed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave. Peel, E. (2008). The Law of Contract (7thed.). London: Thompson. Richard, S. (2003). The Modern Law of Contract (5thed.). London: Cavendish. Case Law Hyde v Wrench (1840) 49 ER 132 Dickinson v. Dodds (1876) 2 Ch.D. 463 Adams v. Lindsell (1818) 106 ER 25 Re McArdle (1951) Ch 669

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Mary Shelleys Use of Subtitles in Frankenstein free essay sample

Mary Shelleys notion of beginning Frakenstein came out to be greater than just an evenings amusement as a horrifying story. It probed many socio-political context of the prevalent society and also probed many hidden female voices even though all the female characters are under a silent garb. The title itself speaks volumes about the text which is to follow;multiplicity which is reverberated throughout,which is highly seen in its inter-texuality feature a prominent gothic element. The subtitle modern prometheus in a sense links the old greek myth to the modern world or is trying to give a new comparitive picture to the modern world. As the legend has it,Titan created humankind out of mud and water and then he dared to steal the fires from God for the benifit of humankind. He was punished by an anry zeus. By adding the word modern before it, Mary Shelley is puting forth comparison ofthe two. We will write a custom essay sample on Mary Shelleys Use of Subtitles in Frankenstein or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According t the Romantics,Prometheus was a hero both in his capacity as a creator and a rebel, Mary shelley would have been well acquainted with this idea, one the greatest romantics of the age,was married to her. So in a sense the act of Prometheus can also be celebrated for having the courage to steal the fire from gods,for the benifit of humanity. This juxtaposition on the title page is seen to be in action throughout the novel. Other than this , it also carries an epigraph from miltons much celebrated work paradise lost. he quoted words invites intertextual analysis and echo a questioning voice, which is another repeated trope in the novel. The anguished and questioning voice of the fallen adam to the highest authority, though he is in no sense defying it like prometheus but it mirrors the questions putup by the creature to his creator. So in a view creator is also criticised for the creation he created irresponsibly.